Transcription: This is the making of a copy (written) from a media, audio or video, for the purpose of making translation easier.
Transcription
Process
Timecoding
Timecoding: Creating the position markers that indicate where each phrase (subtitle) should start and finish.
Translation
Translation: Conveying the contents of a communication from one given language to another.
Subtitling
Subtitling: Adding the written translation at the bottom of a video, for it to be displayed matching the speaker's words.